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Rudolf Frank
Rudolf Frank (19 August 1920 – 27 April 1944) was a German ''Luftwaffe'' military aviator during World War II, a night fighter ace credited with 45 enemy aircraft shot down in 183 combat missions. All of his victories were claimed over the Western Front in nocturnal Defense of the Reich missions against the Royal Air Force's Bomber Command.
Born in Karlsruhe-Grünwinkel, Frank volunteered for military service in the ''Luftwaffe'' of the Third Reich in 1939 after finishing school. Following flight training, he was posted to ''Nachtjagdgeschwader'' 3 (NJG 3—3rd Night Fighter Wing) in 1941. He was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross on 6 April 1944 following his 42nd aerial victory. Three weeks later, on 27 April 1944, he and his crew attacked an Avro Lancaster, which exploded and fatally damaged their own aircraft. Frank ordered his crew to bail out but was unable to save himself. He received posthumous promotion to ''Leutnant'' (second lieutenant) and was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves.
==Early life and career==
Frank was born on 19 August 1920 in Karlsruhe-Grünwinkel in what was the Republic of Baden of the Weimar Republic; Grünwinkel is now a borough located in the southwest suburbs of Karlsruhe. Frank was the older of two sons of a shoemaker. He attended the ''Volksschule'' (elementary school) in Grünwinkel from 1926 to 1930, when he was enrolled in the ''Realgymnasium''—a secondary school built on the mid-level ''Realschule''—where he attained his ''Mittlere Reife'' (school leaving certificate) in 1939.〔Schumann 2014, p. 2.〕
Even as a boy, Frank had wanted to become a pilot. World War II had begun on 1 September 1939 and he volunteered for military service in the ''Luftwaffe''. Following his basic military training, he took flying instruction at the pilot school in Zeltweg. Here he qualified to fly the Bücker Bü 131, Bü 133 and Bü 181, the Klemm Kl 35, the Arado Ar 66, Ar 68 and Ar 96, the Focke-Wulf Fw 58, and the Junkers W 34 and Junkers Ju 52.〔Flight training in the Luftwaffe progressed through the levels A1, A2 and B1, B2, referred to as A/B flight training. A training included theoretical and practical training in aerobatics, navigation, long-distance flights and dead-stick landings. The B courses included high-altitude flights, instrument flights, night landings and training to handle the aircraft in difficult situations. For pilots destined to fly multi-engine aircraft, the training was completed with the Luftwaffe Advanced Pilot's Certificate (''Erweiterter Luftwaffen-Flugzeugführerschein''), also known as C-Certificate.〕 In October 1940 he transferred to ''Nachtjagdschule'' 1 (1st Night Fighter School) at Schleißheim near Munich, formerly the ''Zerstörerschule'' 1 (ZS 1—1st Destroyer School). There he specialized as a night fighter pilot in the 2nd Squadron under the command of ''Staffelkapitän'' (squadron leader) ''Oberleutnant'' (First Lieutenant) Günther Specht.〔Schumann 2014, pp. 2–5.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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